新华社斥责美国为最大汇率操纵国(1)
刘鹏
09:52
2010-03-19
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经济观察网 记者 刘鹏  针对美国近期针对人民币汇率问题频频向中国施压,新华社昨日刊文斥责美国为最大汇率操纵国。

昨日,新华社记者分别用中英双语撰写文章批评美国指责中国操纵人民币汇率,并将汇率问题政治化。中文文章标题非常醒目,直指美国——《美国是世界最大的汇率操纵国》,英文文章为Ridiculous logic of politicizing Chinese yuan exchange rate(将人民币汇率问题政治化的逻辑是荒谬的)。

本月15日,美国130名议员联名致函财政部长盖特纳和商务部长骆家辉,要求对中国采取的“货币保护主义”行为进行深入调查,并在即将于下个月发表的国际货币政策报告中认定中国为“货币操纵国”。这些议员还呼吁,在此基础上对中国输美产品征收惩罚性的反补贴税。

以下是新华社斥责文章中文全文:

充分的证据表明,频频指责别国操纵汇率并不断施压强迫别国改变币值的美国才是世界上最大的“汇率操纵国”。这个唯狭隘经济利益和政治利益至上的霸权国家,其实根本没有什么资格对别国的汇率及相关政策进行祖师爷般地指手画脚、说三道四。

当然,美国操纵汇率的手段和方式是比较隐蔽和狡诈的。中国社科院金融所金融市场室主任曹红辉指出,美国一直在通过间接的方式、圆滑的手腕操纵着美元汇率,例如,它常常通过带有欺骗性的投行报告、专家研究结果等向市场释放诱导信息而使美元升值或贬值。

近期,美国对冲基金沽空欧元、英镑,未来还有可能攻击日元,正是美国隐形操纵美元的一个例子。通过攻击这些主要经济体的货币,美国得以维持美元霸权工具的强硬地位,帮助自己摆脱经济衰退的泥沼,并抢到新一轮的发展先机。

美国通过操纵美元汇率还使中国等发展中国家的美元储备和美元资产大幅缩水,以化解自己庞大的外债压力,同时利用“估值效应”提升自己的对外资产价值。

例如,在美联储主动操纵下,1985年《广场协议》签订后,美元狂贬逾40%,2001年后,美元相对主要货币又持续贬值超过30%。相应的,2001年到2006年,美国对外总负债虽然增加3.856万亿美元,但净负债却减少1990亿美元,即净赚资本收益4.055万亿美元,其中,操纵美元贬值贡献8920亿美元,压迫别国货币升值、制造资产价格变动净赚3.163万亿美元。

而耍弄政治、外交和贸易手段压迫人民币按其要求和标准升值,还企图使中国的出口贸易陷入困境,大批企业倒闭,无数工人失业,经济萎靡不振,并诱发社会动荡。

为了应对自己引发的金融危机的冲击,美国必须天量印刷钞票及借钱,而在借钱的过程中,它必须使美元升值以提升诱惑力。于是,美国先是通过平准基金大量抛售欧元,导致欧元狂跌、美元上涨,然后,又大肆印制钞票,并通过填平坏账等一系列复杂操纵程序和手段,控制流通美元的增长率,以达到自己的目的。

以下是斥责文章英文全文

With mid-term elections looming in the United States, some U.S. senators have proposed legislation at a high-profile press conference at the Capitol Hill on Tuesday to press China to appreciate its currency.

They have threatened Beijing with duties on some of its exports if it fails to revalue its currency and pressured the Obama administration to lable China a "currency manipulator."

According to their logic, China's currency, the Chinese yuan or Reminbi, is "undervalued," which avails Chinese exporters of an "unfair competition advantage" and leads to the huge trade deficit on the U.S. side. Accordingly, their conclusion is: raising the value of the yuan against the U.S. dollar is the sole solution.

It has become a customary practice for Western politicians to press for appreciation of the yuan when their domestic economy is in trouble.

"It's always easier to blame someone else for your failings," said British newspaper The Sunday Telegraph on Sunday.

Western politicians did not explore the origin of the global financial crisis, instead, acted as if their countries' economic downturn is China's fault. Obviously, this is illogical.

Is the yuan really undervalued?

Liam Halligan, chief economist at Prosperity Capital Management, argued that the Chinese yuan may not be undervalued as much as Western politicians think.

Although Chinese exports rose by 46 percent in the first two months of 2010, the rise was from a very low base -- with February 2009 being the epicenter of the U.S.-sparked sub-prime storm, he said.

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